Sovereign of the Seas,
later named Royal
Sovereign after
a re-fit, was a 102 gun, three deck warship built in 1637.
Known by the Dutch as the "golden devil" because of her all
black and gold appearance,
Sovereign of the Seas was
the most magnificent ship of her era.
The ship was designed in 1634 by Phineas Pett and was the
first ship to have three full gun decks, carrying 102 guns
on the orders of King Charles I instead of the 90 originally
planned. No expense was spared in her construction. All her
guns were made from bronze instead of cast iron which meant
their construction was four times more expensive. Most
impressive was her gilded and carved decoration costing over
£6,600 - the equivalent cost of the entire hull for a two
decked ship! Sovereign
of the Seas was so large that two smaller ships
were built from her waste timbers.